INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Introducing:
Good morning everybody.
I’m Iker García, I’m Daniela Merino, I’m Emma Vallès.
Today we are going to talk about the industrial revolution.
Each one of us is going to talk about a different part of the topic.
WHAT IS IT?
I’m going to start with the basic question of the Industrial Revolution…. So what is it ?
The industrial Revolution is an historic period of economic and social transformation. This period is between 1760 and 1840. First produced in Great Britain and then in much of Europe and the United States.
The Industrial revolution was a fundamental change from human labor to machines.
The industrial revolution meant that a tremendous amount of economic growth was generated. Productivity literally soared. A middle class emerged and life expectancy increased.
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Now I’m going to talk about the Characteristics, another important fact the characteristics of the industrial revolution are based on the following points:
-Machines were invented which replaced human labor
-Since hard labor was no longer a necessity, some women started to push for a right to be able to work.
-Increased use of metals
(Aluminium, coal, copper, iron, etc…)
-Transportation improved
(Ships, trains and automobiles)
-Communication improved
(Telegraph, telephone and radio)
-Mass production of goods
-increased the number of goods
-increased diversity of goods produced
-New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery (water , steam, electricity, oil)
-Some historians place advances in atomic, solar and wind energy at the later stages of the industrial revolution.
-Development of factory system production
-Development of capitalism
-Financial capital for continued industrial growth
-Development and growth of new socio-economic classes
(Working class- bourgeoisie-wealthy industrial class
Rural to urban
-Many societies changed from rural to large urban areas and big cities. They left the farms to work in those cities.
STAGES
The industrial revolution can be divided in two stages, the first, between 1750 to 1850, and the second stage is between 1850 to 1914 more or less. This two numbers are approximate, cause, the industrial revolution is not a change that happens in one day, is a very complete chain of changes.
First stage:
Was characterized by the invention of the steam machine and the technic progress, they helped very much the people who works in agriculture and, in the same time in the textile industry, they began to work only in textile. Because the new machines helped very much in this area. Because of that the people began to go to live in the center of the city, and started to buy houses in the city. In there were the industries where they work
Second stage:
The second stage of the industrial revolution was characterized by the use of new fuels, in this case fossil fuel. With this new form to do energy the big industries start to burn different type of metal, like: steel, iron and some more. Also, the workers still using a lot, the vapor and the coal.
In this stage we know that there was more than the other advancements we can find the new use of the petroleum, and the first contacts with the technology.
Some people say that there are more stages, 4.
The 3rd and the 4th are more based in technology, the 3th is more about computer, and the fourth is based in the artificial intelligence
CHANGES IN SOCIETY
As iker has said one of the characterisitics is that the society changes so now im going to talk about the changes in society
With the Industrial Revolution appeared a class society.
It changes to live in an estemental society as it was the one of the old regime with privileged people(nobility and clergy) and nonprivileged (bourgeoise, farmers, craftsmen) to live in a class society.
As a consequence of this new society it dominates the bourgeoisie and the nobility loses importance.
The new society of classes has two social classes:
1- Bourgeoise: The owners of industries and factories, comerciants and bankers.
2-Lower classes: peasants and the urban working class named proletariad (workers wage earners of the factories).
Owners of mines and factories had considerable control over the lives of laborers who worked long hours for low pay. An average worker would work 14 hours a day, six days a week. Fearful of losing their jobs, workers would typically not complain about the horrible conditions and low pay. Owners realized that they could pay women and children less than men. Child labor increased because it kept the costs of production low and the profits high.
MINING: MINERS AND WIVES
The Industrial Revolution was based on the ability of coal to power steam engines.
The new mines that grew in the S XIX (nineteenth century) relied on men and boys to work long hours, often in hazardous working conditions.
The role of the woman changed dramatically in this industrialization process.
During the industrial revolution the women become worker with the same hours as men, but suffer clear discrimination, since his salary was 50% of the workers.
Typically the womens were exploited in the factory. These are paid with a minimum wage.
Women worked in the whole chain; a very small percentage worked hand in hand with the men, chopping the ore, such as Francisca Barrios, who was called Kika.
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